Sunday 26 February 2012

CATHODE RAY OSCILLOSCOPE (CRO)

CRO is a very essential and versatile lab instrument used for display , measurement and analysis of waveforms having electrical nature. This is a X-Y plotter which display input signal versus another input signal or versus time. The stylus of this plotter is a luminous spot which moves in accordance to input voltage. The luminous spot  is produced by electron beam striking the flourescent screen.
The normal form of CRO uses a horizontal input voltage which is an internally generated ramp voltage. This horizontal voltage move the luminous spot in horizontal direction on the screen. The vertical input voltage is the voltage under investigation. This vertical voltage moves the spot up - down in accordance with its instantaneous value. Thus a waveform of input voltage is traced on screen wrt time.

CRO basically consist of CRT ( cathode ray tube) which has some additional circuitry. The main parts of CRT are electron gun assembly , deflection plate assembly , flourescent screen , glass envelope and base. Electron gun is used to produce focussed and accelerated beam of electrons. The deflection plate assembly is used to move beam in vertical as well as horizontal direction.
There are numerous applications of CRO. They can accept multiple input signals and waveforms can be traced and analysed easily. These oscilloscopes employ time sampling and are able to measure singals of 20GHz.The complete waveform can be stored and can be displayed as stationary signal.